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ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e23026

A new species of Megaspira (Stylommatophora: Megaspiridae) from Ilha Grande, Southeast Brazil
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Daniel, Victor R.

; Ovando, Ximena M.C.

; Santos, Sonia B.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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2022, Volume 39 elocation e21022

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Megaspiridae include land snails with a tall spire. They occur in Brazil, New Guinea and Australia. Megaspira Lea, 1839 is distributed through the central and southeast regions of Brazil There is controversy regarding the number of species in the genus, and their taxonomic status. The characters used to identify Megaspira include a large cylindrical shell and internal armature in the columella. The goal of the present study is to describe a new species for the genus, based on shell morphology, microsculpture and the inner anatomy. These anatomic characters had not been described before for any of the included species. The material was collected at the Jararaca trail, Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, state of Rio de Janeiro). Seven linear measurements were taken from the shells. Megaspira adenticulata sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus by not having apertural lamella in the shell aperture or in the columella in adult specimens. Also, the shell does not have light brown spots, as observed in other species of Megaspira. The shell has a mean of 16 whorls and height of 27 mm. It is smaller in average size than the shell of other described species. The new species was found under leaf litter, especially near rocks and in shallow soil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v39.e21022

Non-marine invasive gastropods on Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil): distribution and implications for conservation
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Oliveira, Jaqueline L. de

; Miyahira, Igor C.

; Gonçalves, Isabela Cristina B.

; Ximenes, Renata F.

; Lacerda, Luiz Eduardo M. de

; Silva, Patrícia S. C. da

; Fonseca, Francielle C.

; Barbosa, Amilcar B.

; Nunes, Gleisse Kelly M.

; Santos, Sonia B. dos

Biota Neotropica

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2020, Volume 20 N. 3 elocation e20201060

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo As espécies invasoras são uma das maiores causas de perda de biodiversidade e o conhecimento acerca da sua distribuição é essencial para os esforços de conservação. O presente estudo inventariou os moluscos continentais invasores em 25 vilas da Ilha Grande (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil), uma ilha com remanescentes de Mata Atlântica. Três espécies invasoras foram encontradas: Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774), Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805, ambas em duas localidades; e Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822, em 16 localidades. A maior parte dos registros foi no lado continental da ilha, provavelmente devido a facilidade de acesso. Um dos registros foi dentro de uma área de conservação, o que chama a atenção para a dispersão destas espécies na ilha, e seus possíveis efeitos.

Abstract Invasive species are one of the main causes of biodiversity loss and the knowledge of their distribution is essential for conservation efforts. The present study inventoried the land and freshwater invasive molluscs of 25 villages of Ilha Grande (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), an island with Atlantic Rainforest remnants. Three invasive species are found: Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774), Physa acuta Draparnaud, 1805, both on two localities; and Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822, on 16 localities. Most records were done on the island continental side, in anthropic areas, probably due to ease of access. One record was inside a conservation area, that calls concern about the spread of those species on the island and possible effects.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2020-1060 661 downloads

Solaropsis brasiliana, anatomy, range extension and its phylogenetic position within Pleurodontidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Stylommatophora)
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CUEZZO, MARÍA GABRIELA

; LIMA, AUGUSTO P. DE

; SANTOS, SONIA B. DOS

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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sep 2018, Volume 90 N. 3 Pages 2753 - 2765

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract A detailed anatomical revision on Solaropsis brasiliana (Deshayes 1832) has been carried out. New characters on shell, anatomy of soft parts, and a review of the genus distribution in South America, as well as clarification on S. brasiliana distributional area are provided in the present study. Solaropsis brasiliana is diagnosed by its globose, solid, and hirsute shell, with periphery obsoletely angular, bursa copulatrix with a thick, long diverticulum, a thick, long flagellum and a penis retractor muscle forked, with the vas deferens passing through it. This compiled information was used to test the phylogenetic position of S. brasiliana within South American Pleurodontidae through a cladistics analysis. In the phylogenetic hypothesis obtained, S. brasiliana is sister group of S. gibboni (Pfeiffer 1846) and the monophyly of the genus Solaropsis Beck is also supported. Here, we sustain that the distribution of S. brasiliana is restricted to Brazil, inhabiting the States of Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, Bahia and Minas Gerais.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201820170261 1002 downloads

Shell morphology of the freshwater snail Gundlachia ticaga (Gastropoda: Ancylidae) from four sites in Ilha Grande, southeastern Brazil
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Lacerda, Luiz Eduardo M.

; Miyahira, Igor C.

; Santos, Sonia B.

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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jun 2011, Volume 28 N. 3 Pages 334 - 342

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The freshwater snail Gundlachia ticaga (Marcus & Marcus, 1962) is widely distributed in Brazil, but its morphology has been poorly studied. We compared the shell morphology of samples from four sites (Vila do Abraão, Vila de Provetá, Parnaioca and Praia do Sul) in Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, state of Rio de Janeiro) in order to evaluate differences within and among four populations. We used nine morphometric characters representing shell size and shape. To analyze shell morphology we considered aperture shape, sculpture of teleoconch, apex carving and position. The resulting dataset was correlated by Pearson´s linear correlation and shell differences among populations were tested using ANOVA and Discriminant Function Analysis. The results showed that there is significant variation among populations concerning shell shape and morphology. Shells from preserved localities (Praia do Sul and Parnaioca) and shells from highly modified environments (Vila do Abraão and Vila de Provetá) were the most similar to each other. Results from the visual assessment and from the discriminant analysis were almost identical. The shell indices are the most important variables in the differentiation of samples. The observed variation corroborates the hypothesis that G. ticaga displays phenotypic plasticity, which may lead to wrong identifications. Narrower shells with an elongate aperture could be misidentified as Ferrissia Walker, 1903 and, broader shells with a roundish aperture could be wrongly identified as Burnupia Walker, 1912. We confirmed that the absence of radial lines is not a good diagnostic character for G. ticaga. The analysis of the apical micro-sculpture and soft parts is essential for a correct identification.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702011000300007 5066 downloads

A reversed coiled Neocyclotus prominulus (d'Orbigny) (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia, Cyclophoridae) from Grande Island, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Nunes, Gleisse K. M.

; Santos, Sonia B. dos

Revista Brasileira de Zoologia

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mar 2007, Volume 24 N. 1 Pages 258 - 259

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Relatamos o primeiro registro de concha com enrolamento reverso em Neocyclotus prominulus. De 282 exemplares de Neocyclotus prominulus coletados em Ilha Grande, um (0,35%) é sinistrógiro, representado por uma fêmea com 3,5 voltas e 0,82 cm de diâmetro máximo.

The first case of reversed coiled shell of Neocyclotus prominulus is reported here. One specimen out of 282 of Neocyclotus prominulus from Grande Island, is sinistral (0.35%). It is represented by a female reaching 3.5 whorls and 0.82 cm of maximum diameter.

1458 downloads

Freshwater snails and schistosomiasis mansoni in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: VI - Noroeste Fluminense Mesoregion
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Thiengo, Silvana C

; Mattos, Aline C

; Santos, Sonia B

; Fernandez, Monica A

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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oct 2006, Volume 101 Suppl. 1 Pages 239 - 245

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

In this paper, the last of a series dealing with the survey of freshwater gastropods of the state of Rio de Janeiro, the results of collections carried out in the Noroeste Fluminense Mesoregion from 2002 to 2005 are presented and revealed the occurrence of 20 species: Antillorbis nordestensis; Biomphalaria glabrata; B. straminea; B. tenagophila; Drepanotrema anatinum; D. cimex; D. depressissimum; D. lucidum; Ferrissia sp.; Gundlachia ticaga; Gundlachia sp.; Heleobia sp.; Idiopyrgus sp.; Lymnaea columella; Melanoides tuberculatus; Physa acuta; P. marmorata; Plesiophysa guadeloupensis; Pomacea lineata; and Pomacea sp. Concerning the snail hosts of schistosomiasis the three natural vectors were identified and, although no specimens were found harbouring larval forms of Schistosoma mansoni, different kinds of cercariae had been observed.

75626 downloads

Malacofauna límnica da área de influência do lago da usina hidrelétrica de Serra da Mesa, Goiás, Brasil.: I. Estudo qualitativo
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Thiengo, Silvana C.

; Santos, Sonia B.

; Fernandez, Monica A.

Revista Brasileira de Zoologia

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dec 2005, Volume 22 N. 4 Pages 867 - 874

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A esquistossomose é uma importante doença endêmica associada a mudanças ambientais causadas por grandes projetos econômicos, tais como a construção de usinas hidrelétricas. A dificuldade de se prever o surgimento de focos de esquistossomose associados com estes empreendimentos e a existência de condições peculiares em cada tipo de projeto requerem estudos em cada uma dessas áreas, de forma a serem implementadas medidas preventivas adequadas. O número crescente de barragens no país é preocupante pois, além de criarem condições propícias ao desenvolvimento dos moluscos vetores, aumentam a população local e o turismo. Nessas áreas, a Organização Mundial de Saúde e a Fundação Nacional de Saúde recomendam ações preventivas contra a instalação de focos de esquistossomose, dentre elas, o monitoramento das populações de moluscos. Neste trabalho são apresentados dados obtidos por nossa equipe na área da Usina Hidrelétrica de Serra da Mesa (UHSM), Goiás, onde levantamentos qualitativos e quantitativos da malacofauna límnica foram realizados de 1997 a 2004, com o principal objetivo de investigar a ocorrência e a distribuição das espécies de interesse médico e veterinário. Vinte e oito espécies, pertencentes a nove diferentes famílias foram encontradas. Além de documentar novas ocorrências no Estado, é também apresentada a distribuição de duas espécies de importância médica, Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848) e Lymnaea columella Say, 1817, bem como de duas espécies exóticas, Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) e Melanoides tuberculatus (Müller, 1774).

Schistosomiasis is an important endemic disease associated with environmental change caused by major economic development projects such as the construction of hydroelectric power facilities (dams and the lakes created by them). The difficulty of predicting emerging outbreaks of schistosomiasis associated with these kinds of projects, and the existence of conditions unique to particular projects, necessitate studies in each particular locality in order that appropriate preventive measures can be implemented. The increasing number of dams being built throughout Brazil is a problematic issue because these dams not only create conditions suitable for the establishment of the vector molluscs but also lead to increased permanent human settlement and tourism. The World Health Organization, as well as the Brazilian National Health Foundation, recommend a number of actions to prevent the establishment of schistosomiasis foci, including monitoring mollusc populations. This paper focuses on our work at Serra da Mesa dam, Goiás, where qualitative and quantitative surveys of the freshwater mollusc fauna have been undertaken during the period of 1997 to 2004, aiming mainly to investigate the occurrence and distribution of species of medical importance. Twenty-eight species, belonging to nine families, were found. In addition to documenting new records in the state this paper gives details of the distribution of the two species of medical importance, Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848) and Lymnaea columella Say, 1817, as well as the invasive freshwater species Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) and Melanoides tuberculatus (Müller, 1774).

4670 downloads

Freshwater snails and schistosomiasis mansoni in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: V - Norte fluminense mesoregion
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Thiengo, Silvana C

; Mattos, Aline C

; Boaventura, M Fernanda

; Loureiro, Márcio S

; Santos, Sonia B

; Fernandez, Monica A

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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aug 2004, Volume 99 Suppl. 1 Pages 99 - 103

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

In this paper, the fifth of a series dealing with the survey of freshwater gastropods of the state of Rio de Janeiro, the results of collections carried out in the Norte Fluminense Mesoregion from 2002 to 2003 are presented and revealed the occurrence of 19 species: Antillorbis nordestensis; Burnupia sp.; Biomphalaria tenagophila; Drepanotrema anatinum; Drepanotrema cimex; Drepanotrema depressissimum; Drepanotrema lucidum; Ferrissia sp.; Gundlachia ticaga; Gundlachia sp.; Heleobia sp.; Hebetancylus moricandi; Idiopyrgus sp.; Lymnaea columella; Melanoides tuberculatus; Physa acuta; Physa marmorata; Pomacea sordida, and Pomacea sp. Concerning the snail hosts of Schistosoma mansoni only B. tenagophila was found, in contrast with other previuosly studied mesoregions.No specimens were found harbouring larval forms of S. mansoni although different kinds of cercariae had been observed.An account about the current schistosomiasis transmission sites in this Mesoregion is presented as well.

57457 downloads

10.

Freshwater snails and Schistosomiasis mansoni in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: III - Baixadas Mesoregion
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Thiengo, Silvana C

; Fernandez, Monica A

; Boaventura, M Fernanda

; Magalhães, Marcos G

; Santos, Sonia B

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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oct 2002, Volume 97 Suppl. 1 Pages 43 - 46

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

In this paper, the third of a series dealing with the survey of freshwater gastropods of the state of Rio de Janeiro, the results of collections carried out in the Mesoregion Baixadas from 2000 to 2002 are presented. Twenty-two species, belonging to seven families, were found. As to the snail intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni, the most frequent species was Biomphalaria tenagophila besides some new findings of Biomphalaria straminea. No specimens were found harboring larval forms of S. mansoni although different kinds of cercariae had been observed.

1741 downloads

11.

Freshwater snails and Schistosomiasis mansoni in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: II - Centro Fluminense Mesoregion
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Thiengo, Silvana C

; Fernandez, Monica A

; Boaventura, M Fernanda

; Santos, Sonia B

; Mattos, Aline C

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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jul 2002, Volume 97 N. 5 Pages 621 - 626

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

During the course of a survey carried out from 2000 to 2001 in the Centro Fluminense Mesoregion of the State of Rio de Janeiro 22 molluscan species were found. Many of the records are new due to the dearth of previous studies. Concerning the snail hosts of Schistosoma mansoni, the most frequently encountered species was Biomphalaria tenagophila, as it occurred in all the surveyed municipalities. There are new records of Biomphalaria straminea and Biomphalaria peregrina which is regarded as a potential intermediate host. Drepanotrema lucidum and Antillorbis nordestensis were found to be shedding echinostome cercariae and strigid cercariae respectively. An account about the current schistosomiasis transmission sites in this Mesoregion is presented as well.

1731 downloads

12.

Freshwater snails and schistosomiasis mansoni in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: I - metropolitan mesoregion
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Thiengo, Silvana C

; Fernandez, Monica A

; Boaventura, M Fernanda

; Grault, Carlos E

; Silva, Heucler FR

; Mattos, Aline C

; Santos, Sonia B

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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sep 2001, Volume 96 Pages 177 - 184

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

In order to elaborate a planorbid chart of the State of Rio de Janeiro a survey of freshwater gastropods in the Metropolitan Mesoregion of this State was performed and revealed the occurrence of 20 species: Antillorbis nordestensis (Lucena, 1954); Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818); Biomphalaria schrammi (Crosse, 1864); Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848); Biomphalaria tenagophila (Orbigny, 1835); Burnupia sp.; Drepanotrema anatinum (Orbigny, 1835); Drepanotrema cimex (Moricand, 1839); Drepanotrema lucidum (Pfeiffer, 1839); Ferrissia sp.; Gundlachia ticaga (Marcus & Marcus, 1962); Heleobia davisi Silva & Thomé, 1985; Lymnaea columella Say, 1817; Melanoides tuberculatus (Müller, 1774); Physa cubensis Pfeiffer, 1839; Physa marmorata Guilding, 1828; Pomacea sp.; Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822); Pomacea lineata (Spix, 1827) and Pomacea sordida (Swainson, 1823). Among the planorbid species B. tenagophila was the most frequent, occurring in all municipalities surveyed. The present study extends the distribution of B. straminea in the State of Rio de Janeiro and reports new records for A. nordestensis, B. schrammi, G. ticaga, H. davisi and the genera Burnupia and Ferrissia. An account about the current transmission areas of schistosomiasis mansoni in this Mesoregion is presented as well.

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